Oseltamivir

Avian influenza, sometimes avian flu, and commonly bird flu, refers to "influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds."Of greatest concern is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)."Bird flu" is a phrase similar to "swine flu," "dog flu," "horse flu," or "human flu" in that it refers to an illness caused by any of many different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to the species influenza A virus. All subtypes but not all strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus is the influenza A virus note that the "A" does not stand for "avian". Adaptation is non-exclusive. Being adapted towards a particular species does not preclude adaptations, or partial adaptations, towards infecting different species. In this way strains of influenza viruses are adapted to multiple species, though may be preferential towards a particular host. For example, viruses responsible for influenza pandemics are adapted to both humans and birds. Recent influenza research into the genes of the Spanish flu virus shows it to have genes adapted to both birds and humans; with more of its genes from birds than less deadly later pandemic strains. Oseltamivir (INN) is an antiviral drug that slows the spread of non-resistant strains of the influenza virus between cells in the body. It is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of Influenzavirus A and Influenzavirus B infection. Like zanamivir, oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor. It acts as a transition-state analogue inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase, preventing progeny virions from detaching from infected cells.Oseltamivir was the first orally active neuraminidase inhibitor commercially developed. It is a prodrug, which is hydrolysed hepatically to the active metabolite, the free carboxylate of oseltamivir (GS4071). It was developed by US-based Gilead Sciences and is currently marketed by Hoffmann–La Roche (Roche) under the trade name Tamiflu. In Japan, it is marketed by Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., which is more than 50% owned by Roche. Oseltamivir is generally available by prescription only. Roche estimates that 50 million people have been treated with oseltamivir. The majority of these have been in Japan, where an estimated 35 million have been treated. Since June 2009, Roche has been forced to allow other companies to develop competing drugs to Tamiflu, after much speculation about Roche's so-called 'monopoly' of Tamiflu in the UK. There are concerns that oseltamivir may cause dangerous psychological, neuropsychiatric side effects including self harm in some users. These dangerous side effects occur more commonly in children than in adults. This stems from cases in Japan, where the drug is most heavily prescribed, consuming 60% of the world's production. Concern has focused on teenagers, but problems have also been reported in children and adults. In March 2007, Japan's Health Ministry warned that oseltamivir should not be given to those aged 10 to 19. The Ministry had previously decided, in May 2004, to change the literature accompanying oseltamivir to include neurological and psychological disorders as possible adverse effects, including: impaired consciousness, abnormal behavior, and hallucinations.According to Japan's Health Ministry, between 2004 and March 2007, fifteen people aged 10 to 19 have been injured or killed by jumps or fallen from buildings after taking oseltamivir, and one 17-year-old died after he jumped in front of a truck. A renewed investigation of the Japanese data was completed in April 2007. It found that 128 patients had been reported to behave abnormally after taking oseltamivir since 2001. Forty-three of them were under 10 years old, 57 patients were aged 10 to 19, and 28 patients were aged 20 or over. Eight people, including five teens and three adults, had died from these actions. In October 2006, Shumpei Yokota, a professor of pediatrics at Yokahama City University, released the results of research involving around 2,800 children which found no difference in the behavior between those who took oseltamivir and those who did not. Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. (which produces oseltamivir in Japan) gave Yokota's department 10 million yen (about US$105,000) over five years. To determine whether to lift the 2007 ban, a research team from the Japanese Health, Labour and Welfare Ministry studied 10,000 children under the age of 18 who had been diagnosed with influenza since 2006. The study was finalised in April 2009. Taking into account all degrees of abnormal behaviour, including minor behavioural problems such as incoherent speech, the study found that children who took oseltamivir were 54 per cent more likely to exhibit abnormal behaviour than those who did not take the drug. When the team limited its analysis to children who had displayed serious abnormal behaviour that led to injury or death, it found those who had taken oseltamivir were 25 per cent more likely to behave unusually.In November 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) amended the warning label to include the possible side effects of delirium, hallucinations, or other related behavior. This went further than the FDA's previous pronouncement, from a year before, that there was insufficient evidence to claim a causal link between oseltamivir use and the deaths of 12 Japanese children (only two were from neurological problems, although more have died since then). The change to a more cautionary stance was attributed to 103 new reports that the FDA received of delirium, hallucinations and other unusual psychiatric behavior, mostly involving Japanese patients, received between August 29, 2005 and July 6, 2006. This was an increase from the 126 similar cases logged between the drug's approval in 1999 and August 2005. Roche points out that oseltamivir has been used to treat 50 million people since 1999, and states that influenza may itself cause psychological problems.In March 2007, the European Medicines Agency said that the benefits of oseltamivir outweighed the costs, but that it would closely monitor reports from Japan. In April 2007, South Korea issued a safety warning against prescribing oseltamivir to teenagers except in special cases.
Government Swine Flu Advisor On Vaccine Maker Payroll
http://www.prisonplanet.com/government-swine-flu-advisor-on-vaccine-maker-payroll.html
'Dangers' of the fast-track swine flu vaccine
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1202648/Dangers-fast-track-swine-flu-vaccine.html
Fast-tracked swine flu vaccine will be safe, officials insist
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jul/26/fast-tracked-swine-flu-vaccine
Readying Americans for Dangerous, Mandatory Vaccinations
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=13925
Swine Flu Vaccination Poses Serious Threat to Your Health
http://euro-med.dk/?p=9152
WHO: Swine flu virus may face deadly mutation
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=94502&sectionid=3510210
Swine flu could kill hundreds of thousands in U.S. if vaccine fails, CDC says
http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-sci-swine-flu25-2009jul25,0,3387335.story
W.H.O. Says It Plans to Stop Tracking Swine Flu Cases
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/17/world/17flu.html?_r=1
US schedules trials of new swine flu vaccine
http://jordantimes.com/?news=18624
12,000 U.S. Children To Be Swine Flu Vaccine Guinea Pigs
http://www.prisonplanet.com/12000-u-s-children-to-be-swine-flu-vaccine-guinea-pigs.html
Obama Warns of Return of Swine Flu in the Fall
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/10/health/10flu.html
White House declines to disclose visits by health industry executives
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/washingtondc/la-na-healthcare-talks22-2009jul22,0,1752248.story
Legal immunity set for swine flu vaccine makers
http://www.newsday.com/news/legal-immunity-set-for-swine-flu-vaccine-makers-1.1318599
Drug groups to reap swine-flu billions
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/375dde06-7559-11de-9ed5-00144feabdc0.html
All U.S. children should get seasonal flu shot: CDC
http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSTRE56N41Y20090724?feedType=RSS&feedName=domesticNews&rpc=22&sp=true
Australian researcher: Swine flu created in lab
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=94664&sectionid=3510210
How were bird flu viruses sent to unsuspecting labs?
http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20090226/birdflu_viruses_090226/20090226?hub=Health
http://www.prisonplanet.com/flu-pandemic-hype-another-pretext-for-world-government.html
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=92794&sectionid=3510212
Ron Paul Warns Swine Flu Scare Will Be Used As Precedent For More Big Government
http://www.prisonplanet.com/ron-paul-warns-swine-flu-scare-will-be-used-as-precedent-for-more-big-government.html
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/KD30Dj02.html
Only 7 swine flu deaths, not 152, says WHO
http://willyloman.wordpress.com/2009/04/29/only-7-swine-flu-deaths-not-152-says-who/
Swine flu genes from pigs alone
http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2009-04/29/swine-flu-genes-from-pigs-alone.aspx
More Evidence Virus Manufactured In Lab: No Sign Of “Swine Flu” in Pigs in Mexico Yet
http://uncensored.co.nz/2009/04/28/no-sign-of-swine-flu-in-pigs-in-mexico-yet/
Homeland Security Issues Alert On Mandatory Quarantine Procedures???? Why ?
http://www.prisonplanet.com/homeland-security-issues-alert-on-mandatory-quarantine-procedures.html
Previous Swine Flu Outbreak Originated At Fort Dix
http://www.infowars.net/articles/april2009/240409Dix.htm
Swine Flu Pandemic Declared Imminent as World Alert Raised
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601124&sid=a0NYYjUy._xo&refer=home
How WHO measures a pandemic
http://www.statesman.com/news/content/news/stories/nation/04/30/0430flualert.html
As Swine Flu Spreads, Conspiracy Theories of Laboratory Origins Abound
http://www.naturalnews.com/026141.html
The Next Pandemic? - Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/60816/laurie-garrett/the-next-pandemic
Scientists see this flu strain as relatively mild
http://articles.latimes.com/2009/apr/30/science/sci-swine-reality30
Swine flu ground zero yields no clues
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0d1b0760-3682-11de-af40-00144feabdc0.html
Swine flu vaccine to be given to entire population
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/5806751/Swine-flu-vaccine-to-be-given-to-entire-population.html
WHO declares first 21st century flu pandemic
http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/06/11/09/who-set-declare-first-flu-pandemic-1968
What is phase 6? What about severity?
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/levels_pandemic_alert/en/index.html
Swine flu pandemic? It feels like a phoney war
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/may/01/dr-john-crippen-swine-flu
WHO moves forward in secrecy to accomplish forced vaccination and population agenda
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=BUR20090721&articleId=14475
WHO recommendations on pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccines ????
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/notes/h1n1_vaccine_20090713/en/index.html
http://rense.com/general86/mand.htm